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Eswatini, officially the Kingdom of Eswatini and formerly and still commonly known in English as Swaziland (officially renamed in 2018), is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. It is bordered by Mozambique to its northeast and South Africa to its north, west, and south. At no more than 200 kilometres (120 mi) north to south and 130 kilometres (81 mi) east to west, Eswatini is one of the smallest countries in Africa; despite this, its climate and topography are diverse, ranging from a cool and mountainous highveld to a hot and dry lowveld. Eswatini is an absolute monarchy with constitutional provision and Swazi law and customs. The head of state is the king or Ngwenyama (lit. Lion), currently King Mswati III, who ascended to the throne in 1986 after the death of his father King Sobhuza II in 1982 and a period of regency. According to the country's constitution, the Ngwenyama is a symbol of unity and the eternity of the Swazi nation.
On 19 April 2018, King Mswati III announced that the Kingdom of Swaziland had renamed itself the Kingdom of Eswatini, to mark the 50th anniversary of Swazi independence. The new name, Eswatini, means "land of the Swazis" in the Swazi language
Capital: Mbabane (executive), Lobamba (legislative). Largest city: Manzini.
The lilangeni (plural: emalangeni, code: SZL) is the currency of Eswatini and is subdivided into 100 cents. It is issued by the Central Bank of Eswatini (Swazi: Umntsholi Wemaswati). The Swazi lilangeni was introduced in 1974 at par with the South African rand through the Common Monetary Area, to which it remains tied at a one-to-one exchange rate. The South African rand is also accepted in the country. On 6 September 1974, the Monetary Authority of Swaziland introduced notes the first banknotes in denominations of L1, E2, E5 and E10, with E20 notes following in 1978. In 1981, the Central Bank of Swaziland (now Eswatini) took over paper money production, first issuing notes commemorating the Diamond jubilee of King Sobhuza II. Between 1982 and 1985,
